Firmware Vulnerabilities & Testing Methodology

The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) is renowned for its emphasis on web application security, but it also offers valuable insights and guidance on a range of other security issues, including firmware security. Among its resources is the OWASP Firmware Security Testing Methodology, which is detailed below:

Common Firmware Vulnerabilities

• Sensitive Information in config files
• Hardcoded Secrets like passwords, API Keys, Private Certificates.
• Backdoors with CVE
• Insecure Functions
• Insecure Network Services
• Runtime Vulnerabilities during code execution
• Insecure Data Transfer
• Insecure Web interface
• Common firmware vulnerabilities include:
• Unpatched Vulnerabilities
• Insecure Boot Mechanisms
• Inadequate Encryption
• Hardcoded Credentials
• Buffer Overflows
• Improper Input Validation
• Insecure Update Mechanisms
• Insufficient Access Controls
• Default or Weak Passwords
• Insecure Communication Protocols
• Lack of Proper Error Handling
• Firmware Backdoors
• Insecure Firmware Storage
• Inadequate Logging and Monitoring

Firmware testing Methodology

• OWASP Firmware Testing
• IOT Security verification Standard

Firmware Compliance Standards

• NIST 800-53
  • Rev-3
  • Rev-5